Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo SCALE (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo SCALE factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo SCALE, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo SCALE with Attention Deficit SubSCALE of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this SCALE has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the SCALE is three factors and also the validity of the SCALE using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo SCALE (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics SCALE using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics SCALE (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total SCALE was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this SCALE. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

Steel industry is considered as one of the most important component of industrialization, and most of the developing countries wish to have prosperous steel plants. Despide possessing a good potential in energy, mineral and human resources, we do not yet enjoy a major share in the world steel trade. Based on favorable economic returns in steel industries, we would expect to profit from our comparative advantages. In this research we examine the/actors which reduce the production costs, and we try to identify the most suitable cost functions. Our model consists of translog cost functions, and show how the Esfahan steel mill could profit from the ECONOMIES of SCALE. Through the "Iterative seemingly Unrelated Regrenions" , we observed that this plant may have considerable ECONOMIES of SCALE.

Although economists and entrepreneurs had been aware of the impact of ECONOMIES of SCALE on average cost, no comprehensive theory was introduced until 1950s.ECONOMIES of SCALE are used by economist as a practical measure for evaluating the extent of competition (monopoly) in real markets. There are two primary aims of this paper: 1) To introduce theoretical aspects of ECONOMIES of SCALE, 2) To investigate the extent of exploitation of ECONOMIES in manufacturing sector of Iranian economy. This study found that firms in Iranian Economy did not gain ECONOMIES of SCALE. This result can be explained by the small size of firms.Furthermore empirical evidence from this study suggests that there is a conflict between ECONOMIES of SCALE and competition in manufacturing sector of Iran. In addition, there is an association between firm size and rate of return namely, the closer the firm size is to MES, the larger the firm return.